Hand-Dug Caisson and construction

Hand-Dug Caisson and construction. Caisson is defined as a structure that is sunk through ground or water for the purpose excavation at a prescribe depth and which subsequently become an integral part of the permanent work, i.e. foundation pile. Hand-dug caisson as defined is constructed by hand excavation method where obstructions are in form of large boulders or tree trunks which could prevent the operation of mechanical plant or on the hill slope where is inaccessible by a large machine.